This new dataset on bilateral exchange rate regimes accounts for the fact that a country’s announcement to peg its currency against another currency is uninformative about the de-jure exchange rate regime prevailing vis-à-vis a third country. The same applies to de-facto exchange rate regimes as compiled, e.g. by Ilzetzki et al. (2019).
Our dataset uses information about countries’ anchor currencies to transform the widely used data on unilateral exchange rate regimes into bilateral data at the country-pair level.
There are two files available for download:
- Data on bilateral de-facto exchange rate regimes based on the classification of Ilzetzki et al. (2019) for the years 1973-2019 in CSV (180 MB) or Stata 15 format (225 MB)
- Data on bilateral de-jure exchange rate regimes based on the IMF’s Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions (AREAR) for the years 2000-2021 in CSV (51 MB) or Stata 15 format (108 MB)
Please consult the Read Me file for a detailed description of the data.
When you use our data on bilateral exchange rate regimes, please acknowledge the following paper as the data source:
Harms, Philipp and Jakub Knaze (2021): “Bilateral De-Jure Exchange Rate Regimes and Foreign Direct Investment: A Gravity Analysis”, Journal of International Money and Finance 117, 102438.
Disclaimer:
We are not responsible for the results of any estimation that uses the data. The data on bilateral de-jure exchange rate regimes is based on the information reported in the IMF's Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions (AREAER). The data on bilateral de-facto exchange rate regimes are based on information kindly provided by Ethan Ilzetzki and described in: Ilzetzki, E., Reinhart, C. M., and Rogoff, K. S. (2019): Exchange arrangements entering the 21st century: Which anchor will hold? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 134(2):599-646. (See this link for an updated description of the Ilzetzki et al. dataset.)